Critical realism and its representations in the works of the artist (Honoré Daumier)

Abstract

-     Research Summary:

        This research consists of four chapters. Chapter One the research problem, which was summarized in the following question: (What are the representations of critical realism in the drawings of the artist Honoré Daumier?) and the importance and need for the research, then the aim of the research: to identify the representations of critical realism in the drawings of the artist Honoré Daumier, and the objective limits of the research: the drawings of the artist Honoré Daumier executed with various materials and media, and the spatial limits: France, and the temporal limits: 1838-1862 AD, and to determine and define the terms.
Chapter Two is divided into two sections: the first discusses the methodology of critical realism in literature and art, and the second addresses the artistic and aesthetic foundations of the realist school. The chapter concludes with the indicators derived from the theoretical framework.
Chapter Three includes the research population, a sample of (5) artworks by Honoré Daumier, the research tools and methodology used, and a detailed analysis of the sample.
Chapter Four presents the findings, including:
1- Daumier's anatomical studies of his figures their bodies, facial expressions, and gestures demonstrate his high level of skill and craftsmanship in realistic drawing. However, he employs this diagnostic ability for critical purposes.
2- Daumier manipulates light and shadow with theatrical effect, using deliberate artistic techniques to highlight the most important figures while relegating less significant characters to the background through shadow.
The chapter also presents conclusions, such as:
1- Daumier’s paintings are devoted to exploring the conditions of people and investigating the negative aspects of society. They belong to a stream of realism that touches the lives of ordinary people and expresses their struggles with honesty and sincerity, without embellishment.